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RetiSpec Inc.

Eliav Shaked, MSc |

RetiSpec Inc.

Eliav Shaked, MSc |

Retinal Changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Correlated with Cerebral Amyloid Staging, A Promising Early Biomarker in AD

Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia, with 5.4 million affected in the US and an estimated 16 million expected by 2050. It is well known that damage to the brain from Alzheimer’s disease occurs many years before patients become symptomatic. Attempted therapies have been unsuccessful largely because they have targeted patients with clinical signs of Alzheimer’s disease who have already suffered irreversible damage. Therefore, a noninvasive tool to detect subjects destined to develop Alzheimer’s disease is one of the holy grails of Alzheimer’s disease research. The retina is a developmental extension of the brain and has been proposed as a "window" to observe pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease. We propose to use early retinal changes as a biomarker to identify individuals with preclinical and symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease, facilitating therapeutic interventions before irreversible memory loss. We have published our recently developed hyperspectral camera imaging capabilities and our system's ability to visualize Alzheimer’s related changes in the retina in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Here we aim to confirm the findings of this innovative technology in live human retinal imaging and human retinal samples at various stages of the disease for the very first time. We propose to investigate the earliest Alzheimer's-related retinal changes in human subjects’ eyes with clinical and pathologically confirmed Alzheimer’s disease. With our innovative hyperspectral retinal imaging, we believe that amyloid can be affordably and non-invasively visualized in the retina and followed over time, serving as a robust retinal biomarker for the disease in the future. Human retinal findings will then be correlated with AD pathologic staging in the brain as we fully characterize the evolution of disease in retina and brain. Our downstream goals are to develop in vivo robust retinal biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease that may be clinically utilized to initiate early therapeutic intervention.